Author’s Name: Nidhi Choudhary, Lovely Professional University
Summary of Graphical Abstract:
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023,marks a significant transformation in India’s criminal justice system by placing victims at thecenter of justice. Sections 395–399 are designed to ensure that victims are not just witnesses topunishment but are actively supported and protected. Under these provisions, courts can directoffenders to compensate victims, providing a sense of justice and closure. Even when offenderscannot be traced, state-funded Victim Compensation Schemes step in to offer financial support,
rehabilitation, and assistance to help victims rebuild their lives. Victims of serious crimes, such
as sexual offenses or violent attacks, are entitled to immediate medical carefree of cost,
ensuring their physical and emotional recovery begins without delay. At the same time,
witnesses who come forward are safeguarded from intimidation or threats through a Witness
Protection Scheme, encouraging truth and accountability.
The law also recognizes the pain caused by wrongful arrests, allowing individuals to claim
compensation if they have been unjustly detained. Together, these provisions reflect a shift
toward a more humane and victim-focused justice system one that balances holding offenders
accountable with caring for, protecting, and empowering those who have suffered, giving them
dignity, support, and hope to move forward.
